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By the time of Barack Obama's inauguration as the 44th president of the United States, he had already developed an ambitious foreign policy vision. By his own account, he sought to bend the arc of history toward greater justice, freedom, and peace; within a year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, largely for that promise.
In Bending History, Martin Indyk, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael O'Hanlon measure Obama not only against the record of his predecessors and the immediate challenges of the day, but also against his own soaring rhetoric and inspiring goals. Bending History assesses the considerable accomplishments as well as the failures and seeks to explain what has happened.
Obama's best work has been on major and pressing foreign policy challenges—counterterrorism policy, including the daring raid that eliminated Osama bin Laden; the "reset" with Russia; managing the increasingly significant relationship with China; and handling the rogue states of Iran and North Korea. Policy on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, however, has reflected serious flaws in both strategy and execution. Afghanistan policy has been plagued by inconsistent messaging and teamwork. On important "softer" security issues—from energy and climate policy to problems in Africa and Mexico—the record is mixed. As for his early aspiration to reshape the international order, according greater roles and responsibilities to rising powers, Obama's efforts have been well-conceived but of limited effectiveness.
On issues of secondary importance, Obama has been disciplined in avoiding fruitless disputes (as with Chavez in Venezuela and Castro in Cuba) and insisting that others take the lead (as with Qaddafi in Libya). Notwithstanding several missteps, he has generally managed well the complex challenges of the Arab awakenings, striving to strike the right balance between U.S. values and interests.
The authors see Obama's foreign policy to date as a triumph of discipline and realism over ideology. He has been neither the transformative beacon his devotees have wanted, nor the weak apologist for America that his critics allege. They conclude that his grand strategy for promoting American interests in a tumultuous world may only now be emerging, and may yet be curtailed by conflict with Iran. Most of all, they argue that he or his successor will have to embrace U.S. economic renewal as the core foreign policy and national security challenge of the future.
- Sales Rank: #204821 in Books
- Published on: 2012-02-03
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x 1.20" w x 5.60" l, 1.20 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 342 pages
Review
"This is an extremely thoughtful and intelligent analysis of the Obama administration's foreign policy—a model of serious research on contemporary foreign affairs. It is the best account of the Obama foreign policy that I have read."—Fareed Zakaria, CNN, host of "Fareed Zakaria GPS"
"This is the single best assessment to date of the Obama administration's foreign policy. Although praising the policy as competent and pragmatic, the authors seek to explain why it has generally failed to live up to the visionary goals of the Obama 2008 presidential campaign. A must read to understand the foreign policy challenges that will face whoever is sworn in as President in January 2013."—Stephen J. Hadley, former U.S. national security adviser
"A perceptive and incisive review of President Obama's foreign policy through the end of 2011, with the successes and failures clearly explained, explored, and exposed. The three authors bring to the volume deep and up-to-date expertise in the fields about which they write, sharing trenchant analysis and conclusions which readers will find new and interesting. An unusual 'group book' which hangs together and presents an integrated picture."—Thomas R. Pickering, former U.S. under secretary of state for political affairs
About the Author
Martin S. Indyk is vice president and director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution.
Kenneth G. Lieberthal is director of the John L. Thornton China Center and senior fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at Brookings. Both Indyk and Lieberthal were top foreign policy staffers for President Bill Clinton.
Michael E. O'Hanlon is a senior fellow and the director of research in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, where he holds the Sydney Stein Jr. Chair.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Fair and timely analysis
By SJ
Barack Obama spent much time on the campaign trail proposing a dramatic vision to change not only the United States for the better, but also the world.
The candidate outlined a new, multilateral global order with America still leading, particularly regarding hard power, but sharing more burdens with others. There was a strong "anything but Bush" flavor in many of Obama's campaign-trail foreign policies, such as his opposition to the Iraq war, his willingness to pragmatically negotiate with dictators, and his emphasis on a multilateral dimension to American foreign policy. He wanted--at least rhetorically--to bend the arc of history towards justice, freedom, progress, and prosperity.
Has he fulfilled his vision during his first three years in the Oval Office? That is the question addressed by Bending History, a new book that offers a timely and insightful analysis of Obama's foreign policy performance and what he could do if he wins a second term.
Vision and Reality
According to the authors, Obama should be seen as a "progressive pragmatic" or a "reluctant realist." Obama has recognized that America's future will be inextricably tied up with Asia, the most crucial region in the world for American prosperity in the long run. With U.S. troops withdrawn from Iraq and (one hopes) in the process of being withdrawn from Afghanistan, the president called for a "strategic pivot to Asia" last November, a move not only to assert the U.S. role as a Pacific power but also to boost U.S. trade in the region. In his vision for a multi-polar world with the emerging powers sharing more responsibilities, Obama has been trying to get China and India on board to manage the "global commons" through combating climate change and promoting trade and development. Kenneth Lieberthal, the main writer for the Asia section, believes that Obama has pragmatically modified his strategy to maintain at least a functional U.S.-China relationship.
In the Middle East, Martin Indyk and Michael O'Hanlon argue that Obama has strived to balance national interests with American values. Obama's purported desire to promote political freedom in Egypt--the most significant country in the Middle East--overrode the usual U.S. interest in preserving Egypt's peace treaty with Israel. In the case of Bahrain, however, protecting the U.S. Fifth Fleet's access to the Persian Gulf took precedence over the democratic aspirations of Bahrainis. Saudi Arabia made the difference in the treatment between giant Egypt and tiny Bahrain, as the oil-rich Saudi Arabia extended its protective umbrella over the Sunni Bahraini monarchy. With the economic recovery sluggish in the United States and Obama's reelection prospects hinging upon job creation, the president simply could not countenance pushback from Saudi Arabia.
Elsewhere, Obama decided pragmatically to negotiate with heads of the so-called rogue states, dispensing with the Bush administration's "axis-of-evil" rhetoric--with mixed results. The authors seem to support Obama's "strategic patience" with North Korea, a potentially controversial assessment. Some pundits believe that "strategic patience" is simply willful ignorance--it buys United States time, but may cause many missed opportunities to resolve perennial security threats. It would be helpful if the authors integrated a cost-benefit analysis of engaging rogue states into their overall discussion of vision versus pragmatism.
While giving a relatively positive rating to Obama's dealings with rogue states to date, the authors suggest that it is important to forge clearer agreement across the White House, State Department, Defense Department, and other relevant agencies to work accordingly with Congress to prevent the North Korea issue from becoming a political football in the 2012 election.
Although national interests have been fairly well protected, the authors believe that Obama's first three years in the Oval Office are defined by a considerable gap between his vision and his record. Despite limited success, the president has not yet bent history in any major way, especially when measured against his own standards.
One's Own Affairs
Importantly, the authors argue that robust and strategic foreign policy cannot be achieved without having one's domestic affairs in order. Sadly, according to the authors, America has not done what it should to sustain its future global primacy. The country has been disinvesting in infrastructure and education, walking away from a serious program for clean energy, failing to address social divisions, and making merely partial fixes to the financial system that produced the crisis of 2008. Whoever occupies the Oval Office come 2013, Obama's foreign policy successes will matter little if the economy fails to sustain American power.
The authors conclude that Obama's foreign policy to date has been more pragmatic than visionary. It suggests no clear road map for the future, no particularly compelling overall strategy for how the president would advance American interests and bend history in a second term. Obama's accomplishments should be better understood as effective damage control than historic breakthroughs.
Overall the book's analysis is compelling, although more attention might have been paid to the president's own role as a political leader and a strategic thinker. But all things considered, Bending History does a superb job of detailing what happened during the first three years of Obama's presidency. It provides a timely and insightful analysis worth reading for anyone interested in U.S. foreign policy.
1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Very good
By Bartosz
A very interesting book. It shows very well the mistakes USA made in the Middle East. Also there is a very good description of US policy toward China. The last two chapters aren't very good, even a bit boring, but generally this book is worth reading.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A well balanced and complete analysis of Obama's first term foreign policy
By Amazon Customer
Fits both informed readers and scholars looking for a compact and well balanced evaluation of Obama's foreign policy, its successes and failures.
See all 5 customer reviews...
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