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Show Me the Evidence: Obama's Fight for Rigor and Results in Social Policy, by Ron Haskins, Greg Margolis
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The first comprehensive history of the Obama administration's evidence-based initiatives. From its earliest days, the Obama administration planned and enacted several initiatives to fund social programs based on rigorous evidence of success. Ron Haskins and Greg Margolis tell the story of six—spanning preschool and K-12 education, teen pregnancy, employment and training, health, and community-based programs.
Readers will appreciate the fast-moving descriptions of the politics and policy debates that shaped these federal programs and the analysis of whether they will truly reshape federal social policy and greatly improve its impacts on the nation's social problems.
Based on interviews with 134 individuals (including advocates, officials at the Office of Management and Budget and the Domestic Policy Council, Congressional staff, and officials in the federal agencies administering the initiatives) as well as Congressional and administration documents and news accounts, the authors examine each of the six initiatives in separate chapters. The story of each initiative includes a review of the social problem the initiative addresses; the genesis and enactment of the legislation that authorized the initiative; and the development of the procedures used by the administration to set the evidence standard and evaluation requirements—including the requirements for grant applications and awarding of grants.
- Sales Rank: #210483 in Books
- Published on: 2014-12-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .76" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 319 pages
Review
" Show Me the Evidence is a work of great insight and integrity by a respected Republican scholar, about Obama Administration initiatives to use scientific evidence on "what works" to guide government social spending. In a thorough and balanced account, the book depicts the vision and commitment of government officials willing to depart from the usual recipe of more spending as the answer to social problems, and to focus instead on whether money is being spent in ways that truly improve people's lives. These pages illuminate a path to effective government that transcends endless partisan debate about more spending versus less."―Jon Baron, President, Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy
"The quest to insert evidence into policy making is a long, hard slog. But Haskins and Margolis tell the tale of the fight for rigor and results like investigative reporters revealing Washington's innermost secrets. In this case, the players are working to find what works and convince elected leaders to fund and expand those programs. The stories Haskins and Margolis tell in Show Me the Evidence show that it's possible to convince policymakers to make decisions based on scientific fact. The more we do that, the more American citizens will see the benefits of programs that work. This insightful and engaging account of the effort to insert rigorous evidence into the policy debate shows that progress has been made. Whether the effort can be sustained across congresses and administrations remains to be seen."―Robert Shea, Grant Thornton LLC
"A hallmark of the Obama Administration is its evidence-based policy initiatives. Show Me the Evidence is a masterful examination of the challenges and benefits of using an evidence-based strategy to allocate scarce public funds for addressing the myriad social welfare concerns of the nation. The authors conducted case studies of the six evidence-based initiatives of the Obama Administration, which ranged from programs to improve prenatal and early childhood outcomes to programs aimed at improving college and career training outcomes. The authors make a compelling case that by creating a space at the table for evidence, the Obama administration has changed the public funding dynamic in important ways―it has raised the bar on "evidence of promise," created greater attention to and accountability for evidence of effectiveness, and stimulated more routine use of evidence to guide program improvement. The authors also demonstrate the feasibility and power of prioritizing randomized controlled trials for generating evidence to make decisions about efficient allocations of public funds to promote social welfare."―Rebecca A. Maynard, University Trustee Chair Professor of Education and Social Policy, University of Pennsylvania
"Throughout our history, social policy has been made largely by anecdote, self-interest, and ideology. In Show Me the Evidence, Ron Haskins and Greg Margolis tell the little-known story of the Obama administration's systematic attempt, in the midst of a deeply partisan political culture, to use evidence to drive government policy and budgets. Using the tools of investigative reporting to peer into the inner workings of government and with a historian's eye for turning points, they reveal the strategies and tactics key actors used to turn the quest for evidence-based policymaking. Will the revolution they describe leave a legacy? The authors identify the challenges ahead, and drawing on personal experience in Congress, they offer a blueprint to each of the key players―government, philanthropy, and nonprofit organizations―for navigating the evidence-based movement's uncertain future. The stakes are high and the failure to do what works has produced cynicism among taxpayers about the ability of government to make a difference, but Haskins and Margolis show us the evidence that it doesn't have to be that way."―Gordon Berlin, President, MDRC
"Scholars of public policy often complain that government decides what to do on political grounds rather than "on the merits." In Show Me the Evidence, however, Haskins and Margolis describe the Obama administration's remarkable initiatives in "evidence-based policymaking." In these cases, programs have been funded based on hard evidence about "what works." The authors tell the story masterfully, based on exhaustive research. Their conclusions are cautious but hopeful: making policy on the merits has not yet triumphed, but it is advancing."―Larry Mead, Professor of Politics and Public Policy, New York University
About the Author
Ron Haskins is the codirector of the Center on Children and Families, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He served as a senior adviser for Welfare Policy to President George W. Bush and as a Republican staff welfare counsel on the Committeee on Ways and Means. He is the author of Work over Welfare: The Inside Story of the 1996 Welfare Reform Law (Brookings, 2006) and coauthor, with Isabel Sawhill, of Creating an Opportunity Society (Brookings, 2009). Greg Margolis is a senior research assistant who spent three years at the Brookings Institution studying evidence-based policymaking. He is currently obtaining his Juris Doctor degree.
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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
A Good Start
By Loyd Eskildson
Author Ron Haskins, a psychologist, is skeptical of the value of many federal social programs. 'Within my first five minutes in Washington,' he writes, he realized that social-science evidence generally played next to no role in what government actually does. Fortunately, he believes that the Obama administration has 'a well-conceived plan for using rigorous success as a basis for developing, testing and expanding effective domestic social programs.'
'Data-driven decision-making' is so needed in America - I cannot applaud the author enough for his dedication to such in the public sector. Haskin's bipartisan focus is on six evidence-based social policy Obama administration policy initiatives, and the 700 programs funded by them. (Unfortunately, President Obama is not as committed to such discipline as the author - eg. the evidence does not support his enthusiastic support for preschool.) Previously, Peter Orszag (Obama administration) and John Bridgeland (Bush II administration) had estimated that less than $1 out of every $100 government spends is backed by even the most basic evidence that the money is spent wisely. Instead, decision-making is dominated by good intentions, inertia, hunches, partisan politics, and personal relationships. Similarly, the Institute of Medicine has concluded that over half of treatments provided lack clear evidence that they're effective - yet, less than $1 out of every $1,000 our government spends on healthcare goes to evaluating whether the other $999+ actually works. Unfortunately, getting the right information is less than half the battle, per Orszag and Bridgeland; acting on it is still harder, thanks to political donations.
Since 1990, the federal government has used randomized controlled trials, the gold standard of evaluation, to assess 11 large social (collectively costing over $10 billion/year) programs. Ten of the 11, including Upward Bound and Job Corps, showed 'weak or no positive effects. Other evaluations have concluded that Scared Straight-style programs are effective - at increasing criminal behavior. Similarly, the government's long-running after-school '21st Century Community Learning Center' program ($1+ billion per year) has shown no effect on academic outcomes for elementary-school students, and significant increases in school suspensions and other forms of discipline. And while Head Start continues, the government has at least used disappointing findings of effectiveness to require that bottom 10% to make substantive improvements. As for Title I, after spending around $320 billion over nearly 50 years (more if inflation-adjusted), there is only modest evidence of improved achievement test scores, increased high school graduation rates, increased college entry or graduation rates, or any other measure of student performance - yet, it continues with little change.
Eliminating existing programs is difficult due to political pressures from established 'beneficiaries' (especially employees). Haskins recommends starting with focusing on new programs. Elastic language should be used to fund any new programs, allowing needed redirection and even termination.
Haskins' approach is a good first step. However, readers need still be careful. Per a 2005 study, most published research findings are false. Findings are less likely to be true when the studies conducted are small, when effect sizes are smaller, when there is a greater number and lesser pre-selection of tested relationships, when there is greater financial and other interests, and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Hard reading, very worth it!
By Bruce A. Mcallister
No easy reading here, this book is as dense as you would rightly expect a treatment of bureaucracy and social science would necessarily be. But it is so worth the effort, since it heralds a way in which ordinary citizens can be assured their tax money actually does measurable good.
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